> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.ocient.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Point Constructors

export const OcientGeo = "OcientGeo™";

export const Ocient = "Ocient®";

export const IETF = "IETF®";

{OcientGeo} POINT constructors use geospatial data to create a POINT object.

## ST\_CENTROID 

Returns a `POINT` that is the geographic center of mass of a specified geospatial object.

The geographic center of mass is calculated by taking the average of all points on a three-dimensional sphere, projecting the resultant point onto the sphere, and converting it back to latitude and longitude coordinates.

**Syntax**

```sql SQL theme={null}
ST_CENTROID( geo [, use_spheroid ] )
```

| **Argument**   | **Data** **Type**                   | **Description**                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| -------------- | ----------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `geo`          | `POINT`, `LINESTRING`, or `POLYGON` | A geospatial object that the function analyzes to compute its geometric center.                                                                                                                            |
| `use_spheroid` | `BOOLEAN`                           | Optional. <br />If this argument is `TRUE`, the function computes the centroid using a spheroid model instead of a spherical model. <br />If you do not specify this value, the value defaults to `FALSE`. |

**Example**

```sql SQL theme={null}
SELECT ST_CENTROID(ST_POLYGON('POLYGON((1 1, 2 1, 2 2, 1 1))'));
```

*Output*: `POINT(1.66 1.33) `

## ST\_GEOGPOINT

Alias for `ST_POLYGON(ST_LINESTRING(ARRAY(ST_POINT(lon, lat))))`.

Creates and returns a `POLYGON` geography with a single point, defined by the longitude and latitude specified for the function.

**Syntax**

```sql SQL theme={null}
ST_GEOGPOINT(lon, lat)
```

| **Argument** | **Data** **Type** | **Description**                                                              |
| ------------ | ----------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `lon`        | `DOUBLE`          | A longitude coordinate to be used to create a `POLYGON` with a single point. |
| `lat`        | `DOUBLE`          | A latitude coordinate to be used to create a `POLYGON` with a single point.  |

**Example**

```sql SQL theme={null}
SELECT ST_GEOGPOINT(41.882548,-87.63922);
```

*Output*: `POLYGON((41.882548 -87.63922))`

## ST\_MAKEPOINT

Alias for [ST\_POINT](#st_point).

## ST\_POINT

Creates a `POINT` from the specified input arguments.

### ST\_POINT(binary) \[#st\_point-binary]

Alias for ST\_POINTFROMWKB.

Creates a `POINT` from the specified `BINARY` value, which must represent a point in WKB format.

**Syntax**

```sql SQL theme={null}
ST_POINT(binary)
```

| **Argument** | **Data** **Type** | **Description**                                         |
| ------------ | ----------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
| `binary`     | `BINARY`          | A binary value in WKB format that represents a `POINT`. |

**Example**

```sql SQL theme={null}
SELECT ST_POINT(BINARY('0x0101000000000000000000f03f0000000000000040'));
```

*Output*: `POINT(1 2)`

### ST\_POINT(char) \[#st\_point-char]

Creates a `POINT` from a `CHAR` value that represents a point in WKT format.

**Syntax**

```sql SQL theme={null}
ST_POINT(char)
```

| **Argument** | **Data** **Type** | **Description**                                   |
| ------------ | ----------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| `char`       | `CHAR`            | A `CHAR` that represents a `POINT` in WKT format. |

**Example**

```sql SQL theme={null}
SELECT ST_POINT('POINT(1 2)');
```

*Output*: `POINT(1 2)`

### ST\_POINT(lon, lat)

Creates a `POINT` defined with the values provided for the longitude and latitude coordinates.

**Syntax**

```sql SQL theme={null}
ST_POINT(lon, lat)
```

| **Argument** | **Data** **Type** | **Description**                                          |
| ------------ | ----------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
| `lon`        | `DOUBLE`          | A `DOUBLE` value that represents a longitude coordinate. |
| `lat`        | `DOUBLE`          | A `DOUBLE` value that represents a latitude coordinate.  |

**Example**

```sql SQL theme={null}
SELECT ST_POINT(87.6386, 41.8843);
```

*Output*: `POINT(87.6386 41.8843)`

## ST\_POINTFROMEWKT

Alias for [ST\_POINT](#st_point).

Creates a `POINT` using an EWKT-formatted `CHAR` as an input argument.

**Syntax**

```sql SQL theme={null}
ST_POINTFROMEWKT(srid_char)
```

| **Argument** | **Data** **Type** | **Description**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| ------------ | ----------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `srid_char`  | `CHAR`            | A string that includes a Spatial Reference Identifier (SRID) value and an EWKT-formatted value that represents a `POINT`.<br />Separate the values in the string by a semicolon using this format: <br />`'SRID = value; point_value'`<br />The input string must include the `SRID = value;` component. However, the database ignores this component as all {Ocient} geography types are `SRID = 4326`. |

**Example**

```sql SQL theme={null}
SELECT ST_POINTFROMEWKT('SRID=4326;POINT(1 2)');
```

*Output*: `POINT(1 2)`

## ST\_POINTFROMGEOJSON

Creates a `POINT` represented by the specified GeoJSON value as an input argument. A second optional `BOOLEAN` argument determines if the specified GeoJSON should be converted from a planar to a geodesic representation.

If you specify a NULL value for either argument, the function returns NULL.

**Syntax**

```sql SQL theme={null}
ST_POINTFROMGEOJSON(geojson [, geodesic ] )
```

| **Argument** | **Data** **Type** | **Description**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| ------------ | ----------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `geo_json`   | `STRING`          | A string of a GeoJSON. <br />Valid GeoJSON formats follow {IETF} [standards](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc7946/), which you can generate using the [ST\_ASGEOJSON](/conversion-functions#st_asgeojson)  function.<br />If you specify an invalid GeoJSON, the behavior of the function is undefined. The function returns NULL if any argument is NULL. |
| `geodesic`   | `BOOLEAN`         | Optional. <br />If you set this argument to `TRUE`, the specified GeoJSON is converted from a planar to a geodesic representation. This does not affect POINT geospatial objects.<br />The default value is `FALSE`.                                                                                                                                           |

**Examples**

In this example, the function captures a `POINT` from an empty GeoJSON representation.

```sql SQL theme={null}
SELECT ST_POINTFROMGEOJSON('{"type":"Point","coordinates":[]}',false);
```

*Output*:  `POINT EMPTY`

In this example, the function captures a `POINT` from a GeoJSON representation.

```sql SQL theme={null}
SELECT ST_POINTFROMGEOJSON('{"type":"Point","coordinates":[1,1]}',false);
```

*Output*:  `POINT(1 1)`

## ST\_POINTFROMGEOHASH

Creates a `POINT` represented by the specified geohash.

**Syntax**

```sql SQL theme={null}
ST_POINTFROMGEOHASH(geohash)
```

| **Argument** | **Data** **Type** | **Description**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| ------------ | ----------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `geohash`    | `STRING`          | A string of a valid geohash. <br />Valid geohashes contain only the characters `0123456789bcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxyz`.<br />If you specify an invalid geohash, the function throws an `INVALID_ARGUMENT` error. The function returns NULL if this argument is NULL. |

**Examples**

```sql SQL theme={null}
SELECT ST_POINTFROMGEOHASH('c0w3hf1s70w3hf1s70w3');
```

*Output*: `POINT(-126.00000000000003 48.00000000000007)`

```sql SQL theme={null}
SELECT ST_POINTFROMGEOHASH('kzn21');
```

*Output*: `POINT(42.60498046875 -5.60302734375)`

## ST\_POINTFROMTEXT

Alias for [ST\_POINT(char)](#st_point-char).

## ST\_POINTFROMWKB

Alias for [ST\_POINT(binary)](#st_point-binary).

## Related Links

[Geospatial Data Types](/data-types#geospatial-data-types)

[Conversion Functions](/conversion-functions)